Typewriting and like machine



Dec. 17, 1940. a-wuslaLEv 2,225,356

TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Feb. 14, 19258 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 c/wtom 2/2 224 2/6 50mm Wfi/BLEV E. \N. SIBLEY TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Feb. 14, 1938 '5 S11eet-s'-Sheet-2--- 51mm 144A;

E. W. SIBLEY TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Dec. 17, 1940.

Filed Feb. 14; 19 5s 5 Sheets-Shee'i; 3

17, E. w. SIBLEY TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Feb. 14, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Dec. 17, 1940. E. w. SIBLEY TYPEWRITING AND LIKE MACHINE Filed Feb. 14, 1938 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 EDWARD WJ/BLEK Patented Dec. 17, 1940 2,225,356 'rvrswmrmo AND LIKE MACHINE Edward W. Sibley, Kenmore, N. Y., assignor to Remington Rand Inc., Buffalo, N. Y., a corporationof Delaware Application February 14, i938, Serial'No. 190,389

14 Claims.

My invention relates to typewriting' and like machines, and more particularly to improved means for justifying typewritten lines, whereby lines of uniform length may be produced to provide typing having uniform right-hand as well as left-hand margins. 7

One of the main objects of my invention is to provide improved, highly eflicient and reliable mechanism which may be readily set to rewrite lines. of unjustified copy into. lines of uniform length.

Another object of my invention is to provide means as specified above which may be readily embodied in a typewriting machine of standard construction without modifying or materially modifying the existing structure, and which is comparatively simple in construction, reliable and highly emcient in use and which may be manufactured at a comparatively small cost.

Another object of my invention is to provide means in a typewriting machine which may be accurately and conveniently adjusted to justify lines in recopying by varying the extent of spacing between words and without modifying the ordinary spacing between the letters of the words.

A more specific object of my invention is to provide in a typewriting machine two escapement means, wherein one only of said escapement means is operable to control the carriage independently of the other under operation of the printing keys and space bar to effect a normal letter space advance ofthe carriage, and wherein both of said escapement means, when desired, are operable to conjointly control the carriage for justification under the operation of the space key alone.

A further object of my invention is to provide in an arrangement, as above specified, an auxiliary escapement mechanism operable, when desired, conjointly withv a normal escapement mechanism to afford-infinitely flne variations in movement of the carriage above the normal letter space movement afforded by the normal escapement mechanism alone.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a simple and highly effective means for adjusting the extent of operation of said auxiliary escapement mechanism to automatically obtain the extent of carriage movement required at each-actuation thereof to justify a line when said adjusting means is set in accordance with the number of times the auxiliary escapement mechanism will be actuated in rewriting the line and in accordance with the total extent of inter-word space, in recopying, to justify a line when the adjusting means is set in accordance with the number of inter-word spaces in the line and in accordance with the number of letter spaces which the line is short of the uniform length.

To the above and other ends which will hereinafter appear, my invention consists in the i'ea tures of construction, arrangements of parts and combinations of devices set forth in the following description and particularly pointed outin the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts in the diflerent views:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a portion of a No. 6 Remington Noiseless typewriting machine equipped with the devices of my invention, the view showing the rear portion only'of such machine with certain parts thereof broken away and other parts in section.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged sectional viewof the manual adjusting means for the variable escapement mechanism of my invention.

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a portion of the machine shown in Fig. 1, this view showing cere tain parts in section and various other parts omitted in order to more clearly illustrate the actuating means for the escapement mechanism of my invention.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional view of the escapement mechanism.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of the escapement mechanism taken on line 5-5 of Fig. 4 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line.

Fig. 6 is a detail horizontal sectional view showing the manner of mounting the manual adjusting means, the view being taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrows at said line. I

Fig. '1 is an enlarged, detail, top plan view with parts in section of another portion of the variable escapement mechanism.

' Fig. 8 is an enlarged, detail, top plan view of the manual adjusting means for the variable escapement mechanism.

Fig. 9 is an enlarged, fragmentary, vertical sectional view of another portion of the adjustof the mechanism shown in Fig. 11, the view I showing the parts displaced from their actual assembled position.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view of certain of the parts shown in Fig. 11.

I have shown my invention embodied, in the present instance, in a N0. 6 Remington Nolseless machine in which the invention may be readily embodied with but few changes in the existing structural features. However, it is desired to be understood that my invention is not restricted to embodiment in such machine but may be employed in various other types of typewriting machines as well, wherever found available.

I have shown in the accompanying drawings only so much of the usual structure of the No. 6 Remington Noiseless machine as is necessary to arrive at a complete understanding of my invention in its embodiment therein. It will be clear that the present form of my invention may be embodied in substantially the same manner in a No. 10 Remington Noiseless machine and also in the No. 11 Remington machine which are very similar to the illustrated No. 6 machine.

The portion of this machine illustrated in Fig. 1 comprises a platen i5 mounted in the usual manner on a carriage which has not been shown in detail but which includes a cross bar or car riage rail Iii mounted for longitudinal movement on a case shifting guide rail ill by crossed anti-friction rollers iii.

The carriage guide rail ii is mounted in the usual manner on the machine frame which in-- cludes side plates 20 joined by cross members in and 22. The case shift mechanism is of the usual construction wherein the carriage supporting rail ll is plvotally attached atflfi to the rear ends of parallel arms it carried by a rock shaft 21 pivotally supported at its ends by the cross member 2!. A forward extension of one of the arms 26 carries an adjustable stop screw 2% engageable with a headed screw 29 carried by the cross member 2| for adjustably limiting the upper case shift movement of the carriage. The lower case shifted position of the carriage is determined by the usual toggle stop arrangement comprising a bell crank 32 pivotally mounted at 33 to the forward end of one of the arms 2%, and having a depending arm at plvotally connected to an upwardly extending arm 35 pivotally mounted at it to the side plate 2t. A forward extension 37 of the arm 35 engages a stop 38 adjustably mounted on the side plate 20 when the carriage is in its lower case position.

The usual key control mechanism for effecting a case shifting operation of the carriage is employed in the present instance. This mechanism has not been shown in detail but includes a forwardly extending arm 39 of the bell crank 32 which is pivotally connected to a depending link 40, which 'in turn is pivoted to the rearward end of an arm M pivotally mounted intermediate its ends at M to one of the side plates to of the machine frame. The forward end of the arm 4| is connected by a link 43 to the usual shift key lever mechanism, not shown.

The printing instrumentalities or type actions maybe of the usual construction employed in the N0. 6 or No. 10 Remington Noiseless machine and accordingly have not been shown in detail in the accompanying drawings. However, it will be understood that the usual printing keys are employed such as the printing key 44 illustrated in Fig. 1 which are connected to the usual type actions to operate the companion type bar such as 45, partially shown in Fig. 1, to a printing position in relation to the platen i5.

The carriage is mounted to travel transversely of the machine from side to side thereof and is propelled in the letter spacing direction or from right to left by the usual spring drum and pull band arrangement, not shown. The movement of the carriage in a letter space direction is controlled by escapement mechanism, as will hereinafter appear.

It should be understood that the portion of the machine thus far described may be the same as the construction employed in the No. 6 or No. 10 Remington Noiseless machine, and it is intended that the accompanying drawings be interpreted as a complete disclosure of such por-- tion of the machine although various parts and certain refinementsherein have been omitted in order to simplify the disclosure of my invention. The portion of this complete machine which is chiefly efiected by the incorporation of my invention therein is the carriage feed or escapement mechanism and the parts directly associated therewith.

This escapement mechanism includes a re leasable feed rack which is pivotally mounted on the carriage in the usual manner to coast with a feed pinion 5| fixed at the upper end of an upright feed shaft 52. In the present instance the feed pinion BI is slightly larger than the feed pinion ordinarily employed in this machine, as will herelnafter be described. As may be seen in Fig. 1 and Fig. 4, the feed pinion 5| is mounted for case shifting movement with the carriage by the usual universal bearing arrangement including a bearing member 53 pivotally mounted in a bracket M which is in turn secured to the case shift guide rail if by screws 55.

The escapement or feed shaft 52 passes downwardly through an enlarged opening in the cross member 22 of the machine frame, and in accordance with the present invention, there are two independently operable escapement mechanisms operatively connected with the lower end of this feed shaft 52. It may be generally described atthis point that one of these two escapement mechanisms is controlled by the actuation of the printing keys or the space bar to afford a normal letter space advance of the carriage, while the other escapement mechanism is operable in conjunction therewith when desired under the actuation of the usual space bar to aflord a variable additional advance of the carriage as predetermined by a manual setting means.

In order to allow the two escapement mechanisms to coact with the feed shaft 52 independently of each other, these mechanisms are connected thereto through an epicyclic or planetary gearing means. This mechanism may be specifically described by referring particularly to Figs. a and 5 wherein 'it' may be seen that the lower end of the feed shaft 62 is provided with longitudinal grooves Bl) receiving anti-friction iii) bearing balls 6| received in companion grooves 62 in a hub member 63 mounted concentrically with the shaft 52. This is the usual arrangement for operatively connecting the shaft 52 5 with the hub member 63 for rotation therewith and yet to afford verticalcase shifting movement of the feed shaft 52 relative thereto. A retaining ring 66 is secured to a reduced diameter lower end of the shaft 52 for retaining the bearing balls 6! in their proper position when the shaft 52 is moved upwardly by a case shifting movement of the carriage.

The hub member 63 is rotatably supported by a bracket 68 attached at 69, (see 'Fig. 1) to the cross member 22 of the machine frame. The

bracket 68 may be similar to that ordinarily employed to support the usual escapement wheel, wherein a bearing hole therein receives a reduced diameter upper end portion of the hub member 63, and the hub member 63 is retained in place thereon by the hub 10 of a brake wheel threaded on a further reduced diameter end portion of the hub member 63 and bearing against the upper surface of the bracket 68. This brake wheel functions in the usual manner and is to be employed in conjunction with a brake shoe which has not been shown but which operates to prevent too rapid carriage movement when released by depression of a tabulator key.

A shaft 12 is attached by a fiange portion 13 to the lower end of the hub member 63 so that the shaft 12 extends downwardly in axial alignment with the feed shaft 52. In the present instance the flange I3 is attached to the lower end of the hub member 63 by three equally spaced shoulder screws H. A planet pinion I5 is rotatably mounted on the downwardly extending body portion of each of the-three screws 14, the

heads of the companion screws 14 serving to retain the companion planet pinion 15 against the lower surface of the disc 13.

An auxiliary escapement wheel or disc 16 is rotatably'mounted on the shaft 12, and the upper 5 end of the hub portion thereof carries a sun pinion 'I'I which may be integral therewith. The teeth of this sun pinion 'I'I mesh with the teeth of each of the planet pinions 15. The teeth of each of the planet pinions I5 also mesh with internal gear teeth 19 of a cylindrical outer member 80. Said member 80 is mounted to rotate freely around the hub member 63, and is maintained thereon by its engagement with a beveled shoulder portion 8| of the hub member 63, as

. may be seen in Fig. 4. Thejcylindrlcal member 80 is maintained in spaced relationship with the bracket 68 by a spacing ring 82. The cylindrical member 80 is provided with an annular row of 60 to be. the equivalent of the normal escapement wheel usually employed in this machine.

In the present arrangement, the teeth 83 on the cylindrical member 80 coact with the feed 65 dogs of the usual dog rocker assembly which is under control of the printing keys and space bar to aflord a normal letter space advance of the carriage, and accordingly the member 80 will hereinafter be referred to as the normal escape- 70 ment wheel. The second escapement disc or wheel 16 is not herein provided with teeth but is arranged when desired to coact with a novel frictional control mechanism for affording variable extents of advance of the carriage under control 75 of the usual space bar, and accordingly this esteeth 83 (see Fig. 3) at the upper end thereof capement wheel 16 will hereinafter be referred to as the auxiliary escapement wheel.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 5, it will be seen that the carriage being biased by the force of the usual spring drum to move from right to left tends to 5 rotate the feed shaft 52 in a counter-clockwise direction through the feed rack 50 and feed pinion 5|. The hub member 63 will accordingly tend to rotate in a counter-clockwise direction with the shaft 52, which through the planet pin- 10 ions 15, will tend to rotate both the normal escapement wheel 89 and the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 in the same direction. Although normally both the normal and auxiliary escapement wheels are held against rotation in a counter- 15 clockwise direction by their respective escapement mechanisms, it will be clear that a rotative movement of the feed shaft 52 may be afforded by allowing a movement of the normal escapement wheel 80 independently of the auxiliary 20 escapement wheel 16 or by allowing a movement of these two wheels conjointly. In one instance, the rotation of the normal escapement wheel 80 affords rotation of the hub member 83 relative to the then stationary sun pinion 'l'l due to a rota- 5 tion of the planet pinions 15 in a counter-clock wise direction around their respective pivot screws I4. In this instance, the afforded rotation of the hub member 63 results in a letter space advance of the carriage through the pinion 5| and rack 50. In the other instance the rotation of both the normal escapement wheel 80 and the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 combine to afford a greater extent of rotation of the hub member 83 wherein any differential movement between 3 the setting of the present justifying mechanism.

It is Well known that various different ratios of relative speeds of the relatively movable members may be provided in an epicycllc or planetary gearing arrangement of the present type, and the choice of such ratios determines to a large extent the design of certain parts of the present escapement mechanism. It is not intended that the present choice of gear dimensions represents one i that should be provided in every instance, but rather these dimensions have been selected with certain considerations in mind as will hereafter appear and are shown merely as an example to illustrate one method of designing th present device in view of the various factors involved therein.

In the present instance, it was elected to retain the same number of teeth on the normal escapement wheel 80 as ordinarily employed in the No.

6 and No. 10 Remington Noiseless machines. Thus, as may be seen in Fig. 3, sixteen teeth are provided on the normal escapement wheel 80, the same as ordinarily used in this machine with "Elite type to provide the desired uniform letter spacing movement'of the carriage by aone tooth movement of the escapement wheel. However, it will be clear that if the machine were provided with other type, for example Pica type, the number of teeth on the normalgescapement wheel in the present arrangement would be modified in accordance with the usual practice.

In the usual construction of the above mentioned Remington machines, the escapement ll wheel is directly connected to move at the same speed as the escapement shaft 52, but in the planetary gearing arrangement of the present type, the normal escapement wheel does not rotate at the same speed as the feed shaft 52, and in order to compensate for this difference in speed, the size of the feed pinion 5I hasbeen slightly changed. In the present specific arrangement, the size of the planetary gears have been-so arranged that the speed of the feed shaft 52 is approximately two-thirds the speed of the normal escapement wheel 00. Accordingly, the feed pinion 5I is made one and one-half times the size ordinarily employed in this machine, whereby a one-tooth movement of the normal escapement wheel 80 allows the same extent of letter space advance of the carriage in the present instance as is allowed by a one-tooth movement of a similar escapement wheel directly connected to the feed shaft.

In the present planetary gearing arrangement, the ratio of the speed of the auxiliary escapement wheel I6 to the speed of the feed shaft52 will be different from that of the normal escapement wheel 80 to the feed shaft. With the size of the planetary gears selected in the present embodiment, the speed of the feed shaft 52 is approximately one-third the speed of the auxiliary escapement wheel 16. Inasmuch as the speed of the normal escapement wheel is twothirds the speedof the feed shaft, and the speed of the auxiliary escapement wheel is one-third the speed of the feed shaft, it will be clear that the speed of the auxiliary escapement wheel is double the speed of the normal escapement 'wheel.- Thus, a one-tooth movement of the normal escapement wheel, or one-sixteenth of a revolution, affords a normal letter space advance movement of the carriage while one-eighth of a revolution of the auxiliary escapement wheel will be required to afford the same letter space advance of the carriage.

As previously stated, the escapement mechanism which coacts with the normal escapement wheel 80 is of the usual construction which' is shown particularly in Figs. 3 and 4. A dog rocker of usual construction is mounted at down turned end portions thereof on pivot screws fll carried by rearward and downward extensions 92 of the same bracket 08 employed to support the hub member 83. A forwardly extending arm of this dog rocker 90 carries on the upper side thereof a normally engaged holding dog 03 pivoted at 94 thereon and biased to normal position by a spring 55. This holding dog 03 is arranged in the usual manner to allow the escapement wheel 80. to-turn backward in a clockwise direction by forcing the holding dog 93 rearwardly out of the path of the teeth 03 against the force of the spring 05.

A stepping dog 91 is pivoted at 90 on the under side of the forwardly extending arm of the dog rocker 90 to receive a limited resilient movement against the force of the same spring 95 employed to bias the holding dog 93. This resilient movement of the stepping dog 91 in the direction of feed of the escapement wheel 80 is limited by a stop arm 99 pivoted at I00 to a rearward extension IOI of the dog rocker 90. The forward end of the stop arm 00 enters a bifurcation in the tail of the stepping dog 91 to variably arrest the movement of the stepping dog 91 according to the adjustment of its pivot I00 in a slot I02 in the arm I0 I.

The dog rocker assembly is resiliently held in the machine frame.

its normal position under the force of an adjustable spring I05 wherein an adjustable stop screw I06 engages the edge of one of the arms 02 of the supporting bracket. The dog rocker assembly is operable about the pivot screws SI against the force of the spring I05 by any one of the type actions under control of the printing keys or by operation of the space bar. Thus, the usual universal bar arrangement (not shown) is operated during a forward movement of any one of the type actions, and this moves an arm IIO (see Figs. 3 and 10), operatively connected to the universal bar, in a forward direction in the usual manner. A pull link III extends rearwardly from the lower end of the arm H0 and is connected at II2 to a depending arm II3 of the dog rocker 90.

The usual space bar mechanism is shown, particularly in Figs. 3 and 10, wherein it may be seen. that a space bar H5 is mounted on the forward ends of parallel arms II6 which are fixedly secured to the ends of a rock shaft I I! by respective nuts I I8. The rock shaft I I1 is mounted by pivot screws IIO carried by respective rearward extensions I20 of a front cross member I2I of An upwardly and rearwardly extending arm I23 is fixedly secured at one end portion of the rock shaft III, which arm is pivotally connected at I24v to a pull link I25. The rearward end of the pull link I25 is operatively connected at I26 to a depending arm I21 (see Fig. 4) of the dog rocker 00, whereby the dog rocker assembly is operated by a depression of the space bar H5 in the usual manner.

The operation of the normalescapement mechanism thus far described has not been materially changed by the incorporation of my invention therein. That is, an operation of any one of the printing keys or an operation of the space bar effects a forward movement of either the pull rod II I or I25 respectively, thereby moving the holding dog 03 upwardly out of the path of one tooth of the normal escapement wheel 80 and moving the stepping dog 91 into the path of the oncoming tooth. When the type action returns from the printing point or when the space bar is released, the dog rocker mechanism returns to its normal position, thereby moving the stepping dog out of the path of the tooth engaged thereby and moving the holding dog back into the path of this tooth released by the stepping dog. In this manner the normal escapement wheel 80 is allowed to rotate one tooth space by the complete operation of any one of the printing keys or the space bar, which movement operates through the planetary gearing as previously described to allow a normal letter space advance of the carriage.

Justification is accomplished in accordance with the present invention by increasing the length of certain lines which are shorter than the desired uniform line length by uniformly increasing the extent of each space betweeen words of such line. Thus in accordance with the present arrangement, there are means proin dispensed with the use of such teeth on the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 in order to obtain a bracket I30 which is supported by upwardly extending arm portions I3I secured at I32 to the upper bracket 68. The bracket I30 is provided with a bearing hole receiving the lower end of the shaft 12. The outer edge of the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 is beveled as may be seen in Fig. 4, and rotation thereof is normally prevented by the engagement of a clutch member I34 with this beveled outer edge. The clutch member I34 in the present instance is in the form of a disc having a beveled edge to conform with the b'eveled edge of the wheel 16. The clutch member I34, when in eflective engagement with the wheel 16, is also in effective engagement with a seat portion I35 at the rearward side thereof, which seat is formed at the upper end of a rearward extension I36 of the bracket I30. The clutch member I34 is secured to a reduced diameter upper end of a vertical push rod or shaft I31 which extends downwardly through an opening I38 in the bracket I30. The clutch member I34 is normally spring pressed into effective engagement with the beveled edge of the wheel 16 and into engagement with the seat I 35 by an expansion spring I30 surrounding the protruding lower end of t e push rod I 31 and acting between the lower urface of the bracket I30 and a head I40 at the xtreme lower end of the push rod I31.

A second'clutch member I44 is normally disposed substantially diametrically opposite the clutch member I34 and normally is held out of effective engagement with the beveled edge of the wheel 16. The clutch member I44 is in the form of a disc having a beveled edge similar to the clutch member I34, and is mounted upon the reduced diameter upper end of a vertical push rod or shaft I45. The push rod I45 passes downwardly through an opening I46 in a carrier or arm I41, which arm is mounted for rotation concentrically with the wheel 16 by a hub portion 12. An expansion spring Hi is provided around I48 haZving a bearing opening receiving the shaft the lower end of the push rod I45 and acts be* tween the lower surface of the carrier I 41 and the upper edge of a cap member I50 secured to the lower end of the push rod I45 by a pin Il The clutch member I44, as previously stated, is normally held out of effective engagement with the edge of the wheel 16, but is operable downwardly under the force of the spring I49 to eflec tively engage the edge of the wheel 18 and also engage a seat portion I52 of an upward extension I53 of a carrier arm I41. Referring to Fig-"I, it may be seen that the carrier arm I41 is normally held in engagementvwith a stop pin I66 set to afiord justification as will be described later, this auxiliary escapement mechanism is operated for word spacing to afford a variable extent of advance movement of the carriage in addition to the normal letter space advance afforded by the normal escapement mechanism. Thus, there are means provided which are operated bya depression of the space bar to first engage the clutch member I44 with the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 and with the seat I52 of the carrier I41, and to then disengage the clutch member I34 from the escapement wheel 16 and from its seat I35. Thus, when the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 is released from the stationary holding arm I36 by the disengagement of the clutch member I34, the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 has already been connected to the carrier I41 through the effective connecting engagement of' the clutch member I44, and the carrier arm I41 is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction about the shaft 12 in unison with the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 under the force of the carriage spring drum.

The movement of the carrier arm I41 in a counter-clockwise direction against the force of the spring I58 is limited in the present instance by an adjustable stop mechanism. This stop mechanism includes a stop member I65 having a hub portion I66 with a bearing openin receiving the shaft 12, whereby it is mounted for adjustment concentrically with the auxiliary escapement wheel 16. The stop member I65 carries a pin I81 which projects upwardly into the path of the carrier arm I41 to arrest counter-clockwise movement thereof in accordance with the adjusted position of the stop member I 65. The means for adjusting the position of the stop mem ber I65 and for holding it in such adjusted position will be later described in detail. I

The control or operating means for the auxiliary escapement mechanism in the present instance comprises a rocker member I10 (Figs. 4 and 5) having spaced upturned portions I'II pivotally mounted at I12 to downwardly extending portions I13 of the bracket I30. As may be seen in Figs. 4 and 7, the rocker member I10 is provided with a rearwardly extending arm portion I14 having an upturned end I15 which underlies the lower end of the push rod I31 of the clutch member I34. A forwardly extending portion I16 of the rocker I10 terminates in an upturned portion or bead I11 which underlies the cap I50 of the cap member I50 in an arc concentric with the shaft 12, thereby maintaining a cooperative relation with the cap I50 regardless of the rotated position of the carrier I41-about the shaft 12.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 5, it will be seen that an upward extension I80 is provided on one of the' upturned supporting portions "I of the rocker, member I10. This upward extension I80 is connected by a pull rod IIII which extends forwardly of the machine to an upwardly extending arm I82 of an actuating lever I83 for controlling the auxiliary escapement. As best shown in Figs.

3 and 10, the actuating lever I83 is mounted to turn around the space key rock shaft II1 between one of the space key levers I I6 and a-collar I84 secured by a set. screw I84 to the shaft In the present arrangement, the actuating lever I63 of the auxiliary escapement mechanism ZII III

III?

ISO

is not intended to be operated by the space bar H when the machine is being used to type the original unjustified copy, but when the machine is being employed to justify such copy. a selecting means is provided which is operable to place the actuating lever I83 under control of the space bar H5 to be actuated thereby.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 11, 12 and 13, it will be seen that the actuating lever I83 extends forwardly to a position underlying the space bar I I5 but spaced downwardly from the lower surface thereof a sumcient distance so that it is not engaged by a full depression thereof. The extreme forward end of the actuating lever I83 is provided with a horizontally bent portion I86 on which is pivotally mounted a manually controlled selecting member I81 by a shoulder screw IBB cooperative with a nut I89. The manual selecting member I81 is provided with a forwardly extending arm I90 carrying a finger piece III, the arm IEII being bent downwardly to pass beneath the usual front cross member I92 of the machine frame, whereby the finger piece I9I is positionedoutside of said frame for convenient manipulation by the operator.

An upward extending lug portion III of the manual selecting member III serves at times as an interponent to operatively connect the lever III with the space bar H5. In other words when the finger piece III is moved to the left as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, to the ofi" position, the upwardly extending lug III is moved to a rearward position out of the path of travel of the space bar IIII during a depression thereof, but when the finger piece III is operated to the right, full line or "on" position shown in Fig. 11, the lug I93 underlies the space bar III and accordingly an operation of the lever III results upon a depression of the space bar I I I. The "ofi position of the selecting member III is limited by the engagement of one edge of the arm III with a ledge III formed on the portion III of the lever III, and the 011" position is limited by the engagement of the other edge of the arm III with a similar ledge III.

Referring to Fig. 10, it may be seen that the normal position of the actuating lever III for the auxiliary escapement mechanism is limited by the engagement of a portion III of said lever with an adjustable stop screw III threaded into a tapped opening in the front cross member I2I of the machine frame. A contractile spring III is provided between'the lever III and the usual front guide comb III of the machine to hold the lever H33 in its normal position.

In order to retain the rockermember III in its normal position shown in Fig. 4 against the force of the spring IIII of the clutch member III, a contractile spring III is provided between an upwardly extending lug III on the rocker member III and a downwardly extending lug 202 on the bracket III.

In operating the present auxiliary escapement mechanism, it will be clear that when the selecting member III is placed in the "on position, a depression of the space bar H5 will effect an actuation of the actuating lever III in addition to controlling theoperation of the normal escapement mechanism in the usual manner. Referring to Fig. 4, it will be seen that an operation of the lever I83 will rock the member I10 through the pull rod III in a direction to lower the forwardly extending arm I16 and to raise the rearwardly extending arm III.

A certain amount of lost motion is provided between the upturned portion I of the arm I14 and the lower end of the push rod I31. Therefore, the clutch member I44 is effectively engaged with the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 and its seat I52 by the downward motion of the forwardly extending arm I16 before the upward motion of the arm I14 is effective to release the normally engaged clutch member I34. Thus, when the clutch member I34 has released the escapement wheel 16 from the fixed bracket extension I36 the clutch member I44 has already connected the wheel 16 to the carrier I41, so that the force of the spring drum immediately moves the carrier I41 together with the escapement wheel 16 in a counter-clockwise direction until the edge of the carrier I41 engages the stop pin I61 settable as hereinafter described to determine the extent of feed of the carriage under control of the auxiliary escapement wheel 16.

The actuating mechanism for the rocker member I10 is so designed that a certain amount of lost motion or space is afforded between the bead I11 of rocker I10 and the lower end of the cap I50 when the space bar is fully depressed. Therefore, upon release of the space bar. I II, the return motion of the rocker member I1Il engages the clutch member I3I with the escapement wheel II before the clutch member III is disengaged from the wheel it. Thus, the auxiliary escapement wheel II is held by the clutch member I3I before it is released by the clutch member I II. It will be clear that when the clutch member III is operated to its released position shown in Fig. I for example, the spring I58 will be efiective to return the carrier III to normal position against the pin I56.

Still referring to Fig. 4, it will be noticed that the openings III and III which receive the push rods I31 and II?) respectively flare upwardly so that the rods may receive slight lateral movements at the upper end portions thereof in every direction. not only an axial movement of each of the rods III and III but also such a slight lateral movement at its upper end portion as may be required for the companion clutch members III and III to properly seat both with the escape merit wheel It and with their respective seats III and III under the force of the companion springs III and III respectively.

It will now be clear that when the present justifying mechanism is set for justifying by affording an expansion of the word spaces by moving the finger piece III to the on position, a depression of the space bar H5 will cause a normal letter space advance of the carriage through the normal escapement mechanism in the usual manner, and also will cause an additional forward movement of the carriage to the extent afforded by the counter-clockwise movement of the carrier III of the auxiliary escapement mechanism. It also will be clear that infinitely fine variations in the extent of this counter-clockwise movement of the carrier I41 may be afforded by adjusting the stop member I65 about the shaft 12, as will now be described.

It will be clear that in order to justify any particularly line by uniformly increasing the extent of each word space, the extent of such increase will be equal to the total extent of elongation of the line required for justification divided by the number of word spaces in this line. In accordance with the present invention means are provided whereby the operator does not need Thm arrangement permits acter spaces in a line.

to calculate the required increase in each word space, but is merely required to set a single adjusting member in accordance with the number of word spaces and the number of deficient char- This adjusting member then operates to automatically establish the correct position of adjustment of the stop member I65 to justify the line.

The mechanism for obtaining the aboveresuit in the present instance operates on a principle similar to that of the ordinary slide rule, or that is, two cooperating logarithmic scales are employed whereby the operator establishes a setting of a single adjusting member by placing a point on one scale denoting the required number of character spaces of expansion in register with a point on the other scales denoting the number of word spaces in the line. The resulting position of the adjusting member then denotes or corresponds to the quotient obtained by an actual division of the number of character spaces of expansion by the number of word spaces.

Thus in the specific form of the present setting means, a single manual adjusting means is operatively connected with the adjustable stop member I65, and as shown in Fig. 8, numerals are placed on this adjusting member on a scale which is graduated to the logarithms of these numerals.' The numerals of this scale on the adjusting member cooperate with numerals on a fixed member which numerals are likewise placed on a scale graduated to the logarithms thereof. The connection between the adjusting member and the adjustable stop member I65 is so designed that when a numeral on the movable scale denoting the number of deficient character spaces in a line to be justified is placed in register with a numeral on the fixed scale corresponding to the number of word spaces in the line, a position of the stop member I65 is automatically selected which affords exactly the correct amount of advance movement of the carriage through the auxiliary escapement mechanism at each actuation of the space bar to justif y the particular line.

Referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the manual setting means comprising the housing 2l2 is, in the present instance, mounted above the usual cover plate 2!!! of the machine and at the right-hand end'of the usual type bar guide comb member 2!!, as shown in Fig. 6.

Thus, a housing H2 is mounted by a depending bracket portion 2|3 secured by the screws 2!4 which ordinarily hold the member 2!!. The

housing 2!2 is provided with an annular retaining ring 2!6' (see Fig. 2) secured around the upper circular edge thereof by pins 2.

From a consideration of Fig. 2, it will be seen that a manual adjusting member in the form of a disc of wheel 220 is located within the retaining ring 2!6, said disc 22!! being provided with a central finger wheel or knob 22! by which the disc may be rotatively adjusted. An expansion spring 222 is provided around a depending hub portion 223 of the disc 220 and within an upstanding guide sleeve or hub 224 on the housing 2!2. The spring 222 normally bears upward on the lower surface of 'thedisc 220 to forcefully engage a beveled outer rim on the disc 226 with a correspondingly beveled inner edge of the retaining ring 2!6, thus frictionally re-- taining the adjusting disc 220 in position against accidental displacement from its position ofrotative adjustment.

centric relation withthe shaft 12. 24! and 248 are held in meshed relationby a An opening is provided through the center of the disc 22!) and the finger piece 22! which receives a vertically disposed adjusting shaft 226. The finger wheel 22! and disc 220 are connected to transmit a rotary motion to the shaft 226 through an inwardly extending spline 22! on the finger wheel 22! which enters a longitudinal spline groove 228 at the upper end of the shaft 226. This spline connection permits a. slight downward movement of the disc 226 relative to the shaft 226 against the force of the spring 222 l ferring to Fig. 9 it may be seen that the lower end of the shaft 226 extends through a bearing opening in the bracket 230 and the lower end of said shaft is operatively connected at 233 to a hub portion 234 of a cam member 235. Upward' movement of the shaft,226 is prevented by the upper end of the hub 234 engaging the lower surface of the bracket 230, and a collar 236 (Fig. 1) is attached at 23'! to the shaft 226 and engages the upper surface of the bracket 236 to prevent any downward movement of the shaft 226.

A means is required in the present instance for adjusting the position of the stop member'l65 in a particular definite relation to the rotation ofthe shaft 226. Thus, a spiral cam groove 24!! is provided in the lower surface of the cam member 235 as may be seen in Figs. 8 and 9, which cam groove 240 receives a roller 24! pivotally mounted at 242 to a slide member 243. The end portion of the slide member 243 which underlies the cam member 235 is provided with a guide slot 244 which receives the body portion of a headed.

shouldered, screw 245 threaded into a tapped opening in the cam member 235 concentrically with the shaft 226.

Referring to Figs. 3 and 7, it will be seen that the slide member 243 extends diagonally of the machine to a position where it coacts with the stop member I65. A connection to impart rotary adjusting movement to the stop member !65 by reciprocal movement of the slide member 243 is provided in the present instance by rack teeth 24! on one end portion of the slide member 243, which teeth 24'! mesh with teeth 248 provided on the stop member I65 arranged in a congrooved roller 249 receiving the edge of the slide member 243 and pivotally mounted at 256.

on the bracket I30. In changing the position of adjustment of the present mechanism, the operator merely pushes disc 22!] depressed, mayturn the finger piece 22! which turns the cam member 235 through the vertical connecting shaft 226. The turning The teeth a of the cam member 235 will effect a longitudinal rotative adjustment of the stop member a through teeth 2|! and 248. When the operator has thus turned the member 220 to the desired position of adjustment, the finger piece MI is released and the spring 222 forces the adjusting disc 220 back to normal position into engagement with the retaining ring IIG, whereby it is locked by the frictional engagement therewith against any accidental displacement from adjusted position. Incidentally this firmly holds the adjustable member I65 in its adjusted position.

Although the auxiliary escapement mechanism is not limited to any particular range of adjustment, it has been elected for the purpose of the present disclosure that the extreme position of the stop member I65 should afiord a movement of the *carrier H'I which will afford an extent of forward movement of the carriage equal to one normal letter space distance corresponding to that aflorded byfthe normal escapement. The stop member IE5 is shown in Fig. 7, for example, in such extreme position of adjustment, which affords a movement of the carrier arm I41 from its solid line position to the dotted linejposition, which extent of movement when operating through the planetary gearing as previously described is suflicient to afford a full normal letter space movement of the carriage. It will then be clear that at this adjusted position of the stop member Hi5, the machine will operate upon a depression of the space bar to afford two normal .letter spaces between the words in typing a line, one letter space advance of the carriage being-through the normal escapement mechanism and the other being through the auxiliary escapement mechanism. Thus at this setting, a line which has four word spaces will be increased to the extent of four letter spaces in recopying for justification.

Referring to Fig. 8 it may be seen that there are numeral indices 1 to "10 marked around the upper surface of the movable adjusting disc 220, which numerals are placed opposite scale divisions which are graduated according to the logarithms 01' these numbers. A second set of numeral indices from "4 to "15 are placed around the upper surface of the stationary retaining ring 2l6, which numerals are also placed opposite scale divisions which are graduated in the same manner to the logarithms of these numbers.

In the present instance, the numerals on the,

movable member 220 designate various extents of total change required in the length of a line to justify it, which in the present instance are various numbers or letter spaces which maybe required. The numerals on the fixed member 2 li represent various numbers of operations of the auxiliary escapement means in justifying a line, which in the present instance are the various numbers of inter-word spaces in a line.

It will be apparent however, that the Particular arrangement or the two sets of numerals on the two members 220 and 2|! is immaterial to the operation of the present arrangement, or that is, the set of numerals which are placed on the movable member 220 designating the number -of character spaces could have been placed on the outer fixed member MS as well, and the numerals now shown thereon could have been placed on the movable member 220.

It will now be clear that in the present arrangement, the stop member I65 will be positioned in accordance with the adjusted position of the adjusting disc 22!] so that the part of a letter space movement of the carriage afforded by each actuation of the auxiliary escapement mechanism will always be equal to the quotient of any number on the movable member 220 divided by a number on the fixed member 2l5 which registers therewith. Thus, referring to Figs. 7 and 8, it will be noticed that the numerals from "4 to 10 on the movable member 220 are in register respectively with the numerals from 4 to "10 on the fixed member 6. This is in accord with the maximum position of adjustment of the stop member I65 to afford one normal letter space advance of the carriage through the auxiliary escapement mechanism.

Now considering for example that the adjusting disc 220 is moved in the manner previously described to a point wherein the numeral "2 thereon registers with the numeral "4 on the fixed member 2". Due to the logarithmic arrangement oi the numerals on the two members 216 and 220, it will be clear that when the numeral 2 on the member 220 registers with the numeral "4 on the member ZIG, the numerals 3,? 4, 5," "6 and "7 on the member 220 will also register with numerals 6, 8," 10, "12 and l4 respectively on the member 2H5. In other words, the two scales on the members ZIG and 220 cooperate in a very similar manner to two cooperating scales of a slide rule.

At the above assumed position of adjustment of the member 220, it will be clear that the quotient resulting from the division of a number on the member 220 by a number on the member 2l8 which registers therewith will be one-half. Thus, the shape of the cam groove 240 in the cam member 235 is designed so that at this posi-- tion of the member 220, the stop member I65 has been moved in a clockwise direction through the slide member 2 to a position allowing a movement of the carrier I41 which will afiord one-half a normal letter space advance of the carriage through the auxiliary escapement mechanism.

From the above, it will be clear that if the operator adiuststhe movable member 220 to a position wherein any numeral thereon which corresponds to the number of deficient character spaces in a line is placed in register with any numeral on the fixed member Iii which corre-. sponds with the numberof word spaces in that line, a position of the stop member I65 will be automatically obtained to aflord the proper advance movement of the carriage at each actuation of the space bar to justify that particular line.

In typing the original or unjustified copy with a typewriting machine equipped with the devices of the present invention, the selecting lever ISO is placed in the of! position and the machine operates in the usual manner during which the auxiliary escapement mechanism is inactive and a fixed spacing between words is obtained which is equal to one normal letter space distance. In

The present arrangement not only saves time and eifort on the part of the operator by eliminating the necessity for calculation, but also has the distinct advantage of obtaining a more accurate adjusting by its automatic operation than could otherwise be obtained. In other words, it may happen in many instances that an irrational number will result from the actual division of the number of deficient character spaces by the .number of word spaces, and it is usually impossible by ordinary manual adjusting means to establish a setting which will be in exact accordance with such an irrational number. In the present arrangement however, it will be clear that the automatic setting of the stop member I65 is equally accurate irrespective 'of whether the quotient which would actually be obtained by calculation is a rational or an irrational number.

It will further be clear that in the present arrangement, this mechanism for obtaining absolute accuracy of adjustment has been provided in combination with' an escapement mechanism capable of afiording infinitely fine variation it; the extent of carriage movement. In other words, all of the advantages of the extreme accuracy obtained by the present logarithmic adjusting mechanism would not be obtained in the usual form of escapement mechanism employing a toothed escapement wheel because of the fact that the variations in the carriage movement are limited in such arrangements to multiples of the teeth of the escapement wheel, and it is impracticable to provide sufficiently fine teeth to afford the absolute variation in carriage movemerit required in every instance. However, in the present arrangement, the members I35 and I44 which coact frictionally with the smooth edge of the auxiliary escapement wheel 16 imposes no limitation to obtaining the accuracy which may be required in the variation of the carriage movement.

The justifying mechanism of the present invention has been shown and described in connection with the usual form of normal escapement mechanism under control of the printing keys for afiording uniform letter spacing. However, it will be understood that the present; justifying mechanism may equally well be employed in combination with an escapement mechanism for affording variable letter spacing to accord with different widths of printed characters. If such a variable letter spacing mechanism is employed in the present arrangement, the deficiency in the length of an unjustified line may be reckoned in terms of a unit which is a divisor of all of the various units of letter spacing and the numeral indices on the movable member 220 may be accordingly arranged.

It may be further pointed out that although the present invention has been shown and described in connection with a justifying mechanism operating to vary the word spacing only, the present logarithmic dial arrangement may be employed to automatically establish a setting of any other means for varying the advance movements .of the carriage. In other words the numerals on the member 2 I6 may be employed to denote various numbers of intermittent operations of any escapement means whether it be for word spacing or for character spacing in a line, and the numerals on the member 220 may be employed to designate various extents of total change in length of the line required for justification.

It is also to be understood that the devices of the present invention could be employed in various other characters of typewriting machines, and in referring to a carriage in the foregoing description and in the appended claims, it will be understood that such term is employed in a generic sense to apply to flat platen machines wherein the printing instrumentalities are carried by and travel with the carriage, as well as the platen carrying carriage of the type herein illustrated, unless said carriage be otherwise more specifically defined.

It is also to be understood that in the foregoing description, an attempt has not been made to prising variable escapement means and manually.

settable adjusting means including a single adjusting member having indexing means designating the extent of total change required in a line to justify it, and indexing means to accord with the number of intermittent operations of said escapement means in writing the line.

2. In a typewriting and like machine, the combination of a carriage, and means for affording variable spacing movements of the carriage, said means comprising adjusting means having indexing means to accord with the number of spaces. between words in a line and cooperating indexing means to accord with the number of deficient letter spaces under those required to justify a line, and means controlled by said adjusting means for automatically affording the necessary movement of the carriage when spacing between words to expand such spacing sufficiently to justify the line.

3. In a typewriting and like machine, the .combination of a carriage, means for affording variable extents of letter feed movement of the carriage, and indexing means connected therewith for predetermining the amount of movement of the carriage afforded thereby, said indexing means comprising a single adjusting means settable to select the required extent of movement of the carriage when spacing between Words to justify a line in accordance with the number of inter-word spaces and the number of deficient character spaces in the line, said extent of movenient of the carriage being uniform throughout any given line.

a. The combination of a carriage, a uniform escapement mechanism for affording a uniform extent of character spacing movements of the carriage, a variable escapement mechanism for afiording a variable extent of word spacing movements of the carriage, and adjusting means for said variable escapement mechanism operable to automatically determine the extent of movement to be given the carriage at each actuation of the variable escapement mechanism for spacing between words which is-required to justify each line, said adjusting means comprising a single member manually set in accordance with the number of inter-word spaces and the extent of total change in length required in each line.

5. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, means controlled by the printing keys for affording a normal character space advance of the carriage, a space key intended for spacing between words, means under control of the space key for afiording a variable extent of advance of the carriage, and a single adjusting means settable in accordance with the number of word spaces and the extent of the total change in length required in each line to automatically determine the required extent of advance to be afiorded the carriage at each operation of the space key to justify the line.

6. The combination of a carriage, escapemen mechanism therefor including means for aflording variable extents of advance movement of the carriage, and manually settable controlling means therefor, said controlling means comprising cooperating fixed and movable scales having indices on one scale designating the number of interword spaces in a line and having indices on the other scale designating the total extent of change in length of the line required for justiflcation.

7. The combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including means for affording variable extents of advance movement of the carriage, and manually settable controlling means therefor comprising cooperating fixed and movable logarithmic scales having indices on one scale designating the number of inter-word spaces in a line and indices on the other scale designating the extent'of change in length of the line required for justification.

8. The combination of a carriage, escapement mechanism therefor including means for'afl'ording variable extents of advance movement of the carriage, and manually settable controlling 'means therefor comprising cooperating fixed and movable scales having graduations on one scale corresponding to the number of inter-word spaces in a line and graduations on the other and like machines, the combination of a carriage,

escapementmeans for affording variable extents of intermittent movement of the carriage, and manually settable adjusting means for said escapement means comprising cooperating fixed and movable scales having numerals on one scale designating the number of intermittent operations of said escapement means in a line and numerals on the other scale designating the extent of total change in length of the line for justiflcation.

10. In a justifying mechanism for typewriting and like machines, the combination of a carriage, escapement means for affording variable extents of intermittent movement of the carriage, and

assesses manually settable adjusting means for said escapement means comprising cooperating fixed and movable scales having numerals on one scale designating the number of intermittent operations of said escapement means in a line and numerals on the other scale designating the extent of total change in length of the line for justification, said scales being graduated to the logarithms of the numerals thereon.

11. In a typewriting machine,- the combination of a carriage, a normal escapement means under control of the printing keys for affording a character space advance of the carriage, an auxiliary escapement means for afiording a variable advance of the carriage, a space key, and means for at times operating said normal escapement means and said auxiliary escapement means at each actuation of said space key.

12. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a carriage, a normal escapement means under control of the printing keys for aifording a character space advance of the carriage, an auxiliary escapement means for affording a variable advance of the carriage, a space key, and selecting means for affording either an operation of said normal escapement means and said auxiliary escapement means or an operation of said normal escapement means only at each actuation of said space key.

13. The combination of a carriage, and escapement mechanism therefor comprising a rotatble disc operatively connected with said carriage, a fixed member having a frictional clutch normally engaging said disc to prevent movement thereof, a carrier having a variable movement around the axis of said disc, a frictional clutch carried by said carrier and normally out of eflective contact with said disc, and key operated means for alternately effectively engaging said clutch on said carrier with said disc and disengaging said clutch on said fixed member from said disc. A

14. The combination of a carriage, and escapement mechanism therefor comprising a rotatable disc operatively connected with said carriage, a fixed member having a frictional clutch normally engaging said disc to prevent movement thereof, a carrier movable around the axis of and disc, a frictional clutch carried by said carrier and normally out of effective contact with said disc, key operated means for alternately eflectively engaging said clutch with said disc and disengaging said clutch on said fixed member from said disc, adjustable stopping means for variably limiting the movement of said carrier from normal position, and spring means for returning said carrier to normal position.

EDWARD W. SIBLEY. 

